It seems that the Perot presidential campaign was a money speculation, or, more accurately, a bond speculation. You see, before the campaign Perot owned a couple billion dollars worth of bonds. He spent 65 million on the campaign, but his bonds appreciated by 12%, or around 200 million, due to falling long-term interest rates. Why did interest rates go down? Because he made the deficit reduction the point of his campaign, and turned it into a significant political issue. Remember the Clinton stimulus plan involving tens of billions of dollars of public work projects? Somewhere along the line it got turned into the $500 billion deficit reduction plan. But the interesting question is, how did Perot get the mass media to take him seriously? Every election year there's a number of unconventional presidential candidates and they get ignored. The answer -- by buying Ted Turner and Larry King. If not with actual dollars, then with ratings. Perot announced his candidacy on the Larry King show. CNN news reported it as a significant political event. The rest of the media followed. During the following months, Perot appeared over and over again on the Larry King show: every time CNN reported the 'news' it had created, and every time the rest of the media followed. The free publicity for the Larry King show drove up ratings, to the point where the main party's candidates appeared on his show (producing even higher ratings and large gobs of free publicity). :)